The fate of Edward V and his younger brother remains one of the greatest mysteries in English history. Known as the “Princes in the Tower,” the two boys disappeared from public view, and it is widely believed that they were murdered, though the details and perpetrators remain uncertain. Richard’s claim to the throne rested on a declaration

The year 1483 marks one of the most dramatic and controversial periods in English history, defined by political intrigue, power struggles, and tragedy. It was the year when Richard, Duke of Gloucester, became King Richard III of England, an event that would have profound and lasting effects on the monarchy and the course of English history. Backgr

On his return journey from the Holy Land, Richard was captured near Vienna by Duke Leopold V of Austria, a rival during the crusade. He was subsequently handed over to the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI and held for ransom. The enormous sum demanded—equivalent to several years’ worth of England’s revenue—was eventually paid, largely through th

Richard’s sobriquet, “Lionheart,” reflects his reputation as a fearless warrior and brilliant commander. Unlike many kings of his time, Richard spent very little time governing England itself. His heart—and ambition—were largely abroad, focused on military campaigns and crusades. The Third Crusade (1189–1192) Richard’s fame primaril